What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

The nuclear envelope serves as a crucial barrier that encases the nucleus, which is the control center of the cell containing its genetic material. Its primary role is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus, effectively controlling molecular passage. This membrane is composed of two lipid bilayers – an inner membrane and an outer membrane – which provide structural support and separation from the cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope features nuclear pores that allow selective transport of proteins, RNA, and other molecules, thereby facilitating essential processes such as gene expression and RNA processing. This selective permeability is vital for maintaining the distinct environment needed for the functions of the nucleus, distinguishing it from the surrounding cytoplasm.