What term describes the living components of a cell?a

The term that describes the living components of a cell is protoplasm. Protoplasm encompasses the entire living substance within the cell, which includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is composed of various components such as organelles, water, ions, and organic molecules, all of which are essential for the cell's functions and metabolism.

Cytoplasm is part of the protoplasm and refers specifically to the gel-like substance outside the nucleus, containing organelles but is not inclusive of the nucleus itself. The cell wall, on the other hand, is a rigid structure found in plant cells and bacteria that provides support but is not living material. Chloroplasts are specialized organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, and while they are important living components, they are a subset of the protoplasm. Thus, protoplasm is the most comprehensive term for the living components of a cell.